The majority of all breast cancers start in the ducts of the breast. However, the ductal system is not the only area of the breast where cancer can grow. At the inside end of the duct is a lobe. This is referred to as the lobular system, where the milk is produced. 10% to 15% of breast cancers get their start in the lobes of the breast. Before lobular carcinoma develops, it begins as lobular carcinoma in situ or LCIS.

By “in situ” we are referring to cancer cells that are present in a system, but have not yet spread outside of it. The term LCIS refers to an increase of abnormal cells in the lobes of the breast that produce milk.

Although the abnormal cells classified as LCIS could develop into cancer and are called Stage 0 cancer, it is not considered to be an actual cancer. Having it present in the breast means that cancer could develop over time. Because of this new way of thinking about LCIS, doctors have started to rename it “lobular neoplasia” which is in reference to the abnormal growth of the cells.

Since women with LCIS have a much higher risk of ending up with breast cancer they must be followed up closely. A lot of times a woman will find out she has LCIS because of a biopsy that was done for something unrelated to the LCIS. While LCIS has been reclassified as a “non-cancer” that is treated differently than Ductal Carcinoma in situ, it is still a worrisome condition. Women who have been diagnosed with this should talk over all their options with their breast specialist to make a well informed decision on what, if any treatment options to follow.

Women with LCIS will be followed up closely. The standard followup will be a regular mammogram and screening. It will also consist of monthly self exams and regular visits to a breast specialist. Most women receive no other treatment for LCIS. If they do notice changes in their breasts or any thing that appears to be abnormal, they should contact their doctor immediately.

Some women may choose to take tamoxifen and may possibly participate in the STAR clinical trial. The STAR trial compares the effects and preventative effectiveness of tamoxifen and raloxifene. Both drugs reduce the amounts of hormones in the breast tissue. These drugs are usually taken for a period of five years. Tamoxifen has shown in studies to reduce the occurrence of more advanced breast cancer by up to 49% in women that have had LCIS or that have additional risk factors for developing breast cancer. Those addition risks are having atypical hyperplasia, or a family member with the disease. Recent studies have shown raloxifene to be very effective in preventing breast cancer in post menopausal women.

Some women who have a high risk of developing breast cancer may choose to have a preventive mastectomy of both sides with reconstruction to prevent breast cancer from occurring. Women who have this procedure will have a much lower risk of developing the disease.

Michael Russell

Your Independent guide to

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When prostate problems first appear there are often very few if any symptoms and this is one of the major difficulties with prostate problems, and in particular prostate cancer, as many men do not even realize that they have a problem until it is quite well advanced.

The first signs of any problem are often spotted during a routine medical examination by your doctor, as many doctors will now routinely carry out a simple blood test, know as a prostate specific antigen, or PSA, test for male patients over a certain age. This is not however done in all cases and so there are still a large number of men for whom even a routine medical examination will not detect the presence of a problem.

However, if screening is not carried out the problem will nonetheless become apparent at some point as more and more prostate problem symptoms slowly begin to appear.

One of the first prostate problem symptoms to emerge will be the need to urinate more frequently and a difficulty in maintaining a steady flow or urine. It may also be difficult to start urinating and you may need to strain to begin the flow of urine. There may also be some mild pain when urinating.

As problems continue to develop you’ll find that it is difficult to get through the night without having to visit the bathroom and may find urination becoming increasingly difficult and possibly painful. There may also be some signs of blood in the urine.

The presence of prostate problems can also affect your sexual experience and you may find it difficult to get and to maintain an erection. Ejaculation may also prove painful and blood may start to appear in your semen.

At this stage these prostate problem symptoms clearly indicate that something is wrong, but don’t necessarily point to prostate cancer as being the cause. Indeed, in many cases these symptoms will result from an enlargement of the prostate gland which is a benign condition often referred to as benign prostatic hyperplasia, or bph. This condition can often be treated quite easily, although treatment does of course become more difficult if the problem is left unattended for too long.

The real problem however is that these symptoms can also be caused by prostate cancer and, while this is a wholly treatable condition if it is caught early enough, once cancer begins to spread outside of the prostate gland, treatment becomes increasingly difficult. Indeed, should the cancer spread to other areas of the body before it is detected, it may not be possible to cure the disease and any treatment would simply be to slow the progression of the disease and to manage its symptoms.

Prostate problem symptoms are frequently ignored as, in the early stages, they are often mild and don’t really pose any great problem in terms of day to day living. Also, many men simply put them down to part of the inevitable process of ageing. However, prostate cancer is a killer and it kills on a massive scale each year with a substantial proportion of deaths being wholly preventable.

So, if you are experiencing any of the symptoms above, or indeed are symptom free but over the age of 40, it’s a good idea to ask your doctor to run a simple prostate screening test at your next physical examination. It may just save your life!

To learn more about prostatecancerexplained.com/articles/prostate-problem-symptoms-the-signs-to-look-for.html” target=”_blank prostate problem symptoms and prostatecancerexplained.com/bph.html” target=”_blank enlarged prostate bph please visit Http://ProstateCancerExplained.com

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For individuals stricken with asbestos related mesothelioma, there may be substantial compensation available if they act quickly to engage an experienced mesothelioma lawyer who is proficient in asbestos legal issues and proving asbestos exposure. Most often mesothelioma lawsuits end up with a settlement without ever going to trial or even into a court. In our experience, this is the preferred scenario for most families with a mesothelioma case.

Since the only known cause of mesothelioma in the United States is asbestos, the key to successful case is proving exposure to the product(s) responsible for the injury. That is why you need to hire an experienced asbestos related disease attorney.

This is not to say that the asbestos industry will simply give away any money. The large corporations that we routinely go up against will hire some of the best attorneys that money can buy to defend and delay against paying compensation to you. This is why retaining an experienced mesothelioma lawyer with a background in this type of case can help you and your family get the asbestos settlement or verdict you deserve.

Luis Montalvo
Coady Law Firm
coadylaw.com coadylaw.com

Coady law firm attorneys have represented many hundreds of clients stricken from asbestos related mesothelioma with compassion, diligence and success. They began their works in mesothelioma case 25 years ago, and they are still hard at it today.

For additional mirg.org” target=”_blank Mesothelioma information, please visit our sister site Mesothelioma Information Resource Group (MIRG) at mirg.org. mirg.org. However, if you need a coadylaw.com” target=”_blank Mesothelioma lawyer, please visit us at coadylaw.com. coadylaw.com.

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Chemotherapy is the use of chemical agents to treat or control diseases. It works by killing fast dividing cells like cancerous cells and other healthy cells which include hair follicles, bone marrow, reproductive system etc.

You would get anxious at the mention of chemotherapy for above reasons but there is not much cause for worry as healthy cells regenerate fast after the therapy is complete. Chemotherapy is either used exclusively or in combination with radiation or surgical therapies.

Advantages

Unlike radiation, which kills cancer cells in the target area, chemotherapy is universal and treats the entire body. This attacks the untreated cancer cells from the previous cancer too. Doctors use chemotherapy depending on the spread and type of cancer to

· Destroy cancer cells from the body, no withstanding its wide spread

· Prolong life expectancy by controlling cancer growth and spread

· Alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life

· Prevent Palliative treatment

Chemotherapy Types and Methodology

Chemotherapy is not always based on a single drug for the fear of developing resistance to the drug. On the other hand a combination has different actions at the cellular level and kills more cancer cells preventing further spread. Your doctor decides on the combination considering your age, tolerance limit, and health. Mind you, all such combinations are tested on patients with similar conditions.

A few representative types.

1. Alkylating agents, deter the replication of DNA, prevents cancer cell growth.

2. Antimetabolites, block the enzyme supply to cancer cells on which they thrive.

3. Anti-tumor antibiotics change cell membranes by blocking enzyme supply led cell division. These are not the general antibiotics.

4. Nitrosoureas obstruct the ways DNA is repaired by enzymes.

5. Mitotic inhibitors inhibit cell division by hindering enzymes essential in the cell reproduction.

Chemotherapy is administered cyclically considering the type of drugs and your condition. Chemotherapy drugs travel thru the entire body, so there are four ways devised for administration.

1. Intravenous method where drug is injected into your veins.

2. Oral chemotherapeutic pills to swallow.

3. Topical application (ointments) for skin cancers.

4. Intramuscular injection.

Side Effects

On the lighter side there are side effects like vomiting, nausea, hair loss, dry mouth, constipation and loss of appetite etc. Beware, some problems like damages to heart, lungs and kidneys show much after the treatment. Urinating blood and nervous damage and attack of secondary cancers like lymphoma, leukemia is not ruled out.

Alan Ross is a regular article contributor on many topics. Be sure to visit his other websites chemotherapyforyou.info/chemotherapy-and-radiation.html Chemotherapy, chemotherapyforyou.info/sitemap.html Chemotherapy Resources and chemotherapy-foryou.info/chemotherapy-hair-loss.html Chemotherapy Information

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